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ASTM D93-20
Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
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NORM herausgegeben am 1.8.2020
Informationen über die Norm:
Bezeichnung normen: ASTM D93-20
Ausgabedatum normen: 1.8.2020
SKU: NS-1001406
Zahl der Seiten: 18
Gewicht ca.: 54 g (0.12 Pfund)
Land: Amerikanische technische Norm
Kategorie: Technische Normen ASTM
Kategorie - ähnliche Normen:
Ignitability and burning behaviour of materials and productsPetroleum products in generalLiquid fuels
Die Annotation des Normtextes ASTM D93-20 :
Keywords:
automated flash point, automated Pensky-Martens closed cup, flammability, flash point, Pensky-Martens closed cup,, ICS Number Code 13.220.40 (Ignitability and burning behaviour of materials and products), 75.080 (Petroleum products in general), 75.160.20 (Liquid fuels)
Ergänzende Informationen
| Significance and Use | ||||||||||||||||||
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5.1 The flash point temperature is one measure of the tendency of the test specimen to form a flammable mixture with air under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties which must be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a material. 5.2 Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations to define flammable and combustible materials. One should consult the particular regulation involved for precise definitions of these classifications. 5.3 These test methods should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and an ignition source under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of these test methods may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use. 5.4 These test methods provide the only closed cup flash point test procedures for temperatures up to 370 °C (698 °F). |
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| 1. Scope | ||||||||||||||||||
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1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the flash point of petroleum products in the temperature range from 40 °C to 370 °C by a manual Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus or an automated Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus, and the determination of the flash point of biodiesel in the temperature range of 60 °C to 190 °C by an automated Pensky-Martens closed cup apparatus. Note 1: Flash point determinations above 250 °C can be
performed, however, the precision has not been determined above
this temperature. For residual fuels, precision has not been
determined for flash points above 100 °C. The precision of in-use
lubricating oils has not been determined. Some specifications state
a D93 minimum flash point
below 40 °C, however, the precision has not been determined below
this temperature.
1.2 Procedure A is applicable to distillate fuels (diesel, biodiesel blends, kerosine, heating oil, turbine fuels), new and in-use lubricating oils, and other homogeneous petroleum liquids not included in the scope of Procedure B or Procedure C. 1.3 Procedure B is applicable to residual fuel oils, cutback residua, used lubricating oils, mixtures of petroleum liquids with solids, petroleum liquids that tend to form a surface film under test conditions, or are petroleum liquids of such kinematic viscosity that they are not uniformly heated under the stirring and heating conditions of Procedure A. 1.4 Procedure C is applicable to biodiesel (B100). Since a flash point of residual alcohol in biodiesel is difficult to observe by manual flash point techniques, automated apparatus with electronic flash point detection have been found suitable. 1.5 These test methods are applicable for the detection of contamination of relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable materials with volatile or flammable materials. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.6.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only. Note 2: It has been common practice in flash point standards
for many decades to alternately use a C-scale or an F-scale
thermometer for temperature measurement. Although the scales are
close in increments, they are not equivalent. Because the F-scale
thermometer used in this procedure is graduated in 5 °F increments,
it is not possible to read it to the 2 °C equivalent increment of
3.6 °F. Therefore, for the purposes of application of the procedure
of the test method for the separate temperature scale thermometers,
different increments must be used. In this test method, the
following protocol has been adopted: When a temperature is intended
to be a converted equivalent, it will appear in parentheses
following the SI unit, for example 370 °C (698 °F). When a
temperature is intended to be a rationalized unit for the alternate
scale, it will appear after “or,” for example, 2 °C or
5 °F.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. |
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| 2. Referenced Documents | ||||||||||||||||||
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